维氏显微压痕技术测量人体枢椎硬度

Study on the hardness of human axis by Vickers micro-hardness measurement in vitro

中文关键词:  枢椎  骨硬度  维氏显微压痕技术  生物力学

英文关键词:Axis  Bone hardness  Micro-indentation  Biomechanics

中文摘要:

  【摘要】 目的：探讨成人新鲜尸体枢椎的显微压痕骨硬度的分布特征及生理意义。方法：取3具新鲜尸体标本（62岁男性，45岁女性，58岁男性）的枢椎，通过X线和定量CT检查除外影响骨量的疾病，将其分为齿状突椎体区和附件区2个测量部位，每个区域使用高精慢速锯精确切取1片厚约3mm的标本，3块枢椎共计6片。齿状突椎体区选取上侧、下侧、前侧和后侧四个部位的皮质骨区域以及中部松质骨区；附件区选取椎弓根、横突、椎板和侧块皮质骨区域以及中部侧块松质区。每块枢椎选取10个区域，合计30个区域。标本固定于纯平玻片上，应用维氏显微硬度测量仪测量标本表面硬度，每个区域随机选取5个有效硬度值，合计获得150个有效压痕硬度值。记录并分析枢椎的显微硬度分布规律。结果：枢椎整体硬度变化范围为17.70～40.60HV，其中皮质骨硬度范围17.70～40.60HV，平均硬度30.10±4.96HV；松质骨硬度范围20.40～37.40HV，平均硬度29.06±4.42HV；齿状突椎体区皮质骨平均硬度30.25±5.06HV，松质骨平均硬度28.78±4.17HV；附件区皮质骨平均硬度29.95±4.90HV，松质骨平均硬度29.33±4.79HV；同一部位的皮质骨硬度值均高于该部位的松质骨硬度值。附件区硬度值最高为椎弓根皮质（32.92±4.06HV），组间比较差异具有统计学意义（F=3.5832，P=0.014）。齿状突椎体区硬度值最高为后侧皮质（33.23±4.80HV），组间比较差异具体统计学意义（F=3.363，P=0.025）。结论：齿状突椎体区的后侧皮质硬度值与附件区椎弓根皮质硬度值均较高，可能与枢椎后侧皮质区域和椎弓根区域较其他部位承受着更大的应力有关。

英文摘要:

  【Abstract】 Objectives: To measure and analyze the distribution and clinical significance of micro-hardness in the human body. Methods: The axis of 3 fresh cadaver specimens (62-year-old male, 45-year-old female, and 58-year-old male) were collected. X-ray and quantitative CT examination were applied to rule out diseases affectingthe quality of bone. The axis was divided intotwo measurement sites: theodontoid and vertebral body area and the attachment area, and 1 specimen of 3mm was collected in each area using high precision fine slowly saw, a total of 6 pieces of 3 epistrophei. In the odontoidand vertebral body area, the cortical bone regions of the upper, lower, anterior and posterior parts and the cancellous bone region inthe middle were selected. In the attachment area, the pedicle, transverse process, lamina and lateral mass cortical bone areas and the middle lateral mass cancellous area were selected. 10 areas were selected for each axis, totaling 30. The specimens were fixed on the plain glass slides, and the surface hardness of the specimens was measured by Vickers microhardness tester. 5 effective hardness values were randomly selected from each area, and 150 effective indentation hardness values were obtained in total. Microhardness distribution was recorded and analyzed. The unit was HV(kgf/mm2). Results: The overall hardness was 17.70-40.60HV. The hardness of the cortical bone ranged from 17.70 to 40.60HV, with an average hardness of 30.10±4.96HV; and the hardness of the cancellous bone ranged from 20.40 to 37.40HV, with an average hardness of 29.06±4.42HV. The average hardness of the cortical bone in the odontoid and vertebral body area was 30.25±5.06HV, and that in the attachment area was 29.95±4.90HV. The average hardness of cancellous bone in the odontoid and vertebral body area was 28.78±4.17HV, and 29.33±4.79HV in the attachment area, and both differences were not statistically significant.The hardness of cortical bone was higher than that of cancellous bone in the same region. The bone micro-hardness values of the three donors′ epistrophei in different measuring regions were different, but the variation pattern was consistent with the overall trend. The micro-hardness value of the pedicle cortex in the attachment area was the highest(32.92±4.06HV), and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(F=3.5832, P=0.014). The hardness of the posterior cortex of the odontoid and vertebral body area was the highest(33.23±4.80HV), and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(F=3.363, P=0.025). Conclusions: The hardness of the posterior cortex of the odontoid and vertebral body area and the hardness of the pedicle cortex of the attachment area were both high in values, which may be related to the greater stress on these parts.