脊髓损伤18个月后患者残疾心理适应能力的问卷调查分析

A questionnaire survey on acceptance of disability of patients with spinal cord injury after 18 months of injury

中文关键词:  脊髓损伤  残疾心理适应  康复心理

英文关键词:Spinal cord injury  Acceptance of disability  Rehabilitation psychology

中文摘要:

  【摘要】 目的：调查及分析脊髓损伤18个月后患者残疾心理适应水平及其影响因素。方法：收集我院2006年3月～2008年12月住院的脊髓损伤患者78例及来自工伤康复互助组织的脊髓损伤患者83例，共161例，受伤时年龄18岁以上（18～62岁，平均36岁）且伤后时间超过18个月（18～35个月，平均27个月）。问卷调查在2009年1月～4月完成，29例通过面谈、132例通过电话访谈方式完成问卷调查。问卷调查内容包括世界卫生组织残疾评估量表、残疾接受量表、Rosenberg自我尊重量表、抑郁量表、自我效能量表及Zimet多维觉察社会支持量表。应用相关性分析及多元线性回归的方法分析影响残疾心理适应的因素。结果：脊髓损伤患者的残疾心理适应与自评疼痛程度及WHO自我残疾评估呈一般负相关（r分别为-0.28、-0.40，P<0.01），与自我效能及社会支持呈一般正相关（r分别为0.45、0.36，P<0.01），与自我尊重呈中度至高度正相关（r=0.65，P<0.01），与抑郁呈中度至高度负相关（r=-0.66，P<0.01）。线性回归分析结果显示抑郁、自我尊重及疼痛程度是影响脊髓损伤患者残疾适应的三个主要因素（P<0.01）。结论：脊髓损伤18个月后患者残疾适应态度受多因素影响，其中抑郁、自我尊重及疼痛程度是最重要的影响因素。

英文摘要:

  【Abstract】 Objectives: To survey and analyze the level of acceptance of disability and its risk factors for spinal cord injury(SCI) after 18 months of injury. Methods: 78 patients with SCI in our hospital from March 2006 to December 2008 and 83 cases with SCI from work injury mutual support group were reviewed retrespectively, their ages at onset were above 18 years(18-62 years, average 36 years) and they suffered from injury for more than 18 months(18-35 months, average 27 months). The survey ranged from January to April 2009. Of them, 29 were face-to-face interviewed and 132 were telephone interviewed. The questionnaire consisted of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule Ⅱ, Acceptance of Disability Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: The acceptance of disability had a fair degree of negative relationship with pain and WHO disability assessment(r=-0.28 and -0.40, P<0.01, respectively), and had a fair degree of positive relationship with self-efficacy and social support(r=0.45 and 0.36, P<0.01, respectively). It was also found that moderate to good positive relationship between acceptance of disability and self-esteem(r=0.65, P<0.01), moderate to good negative relationship with depression(r=-0.66, P<0.01). The linear regression result indicated that depression, self-esteem and pain intensity were the best predictors for acceptance of disability(P<0.01). Conclusions: Multifactors may influence the acceptance of disability for SCI. However, depression, self-perceived pain intensity and self-esteem are the best predictors for acceptance of disability.