不同延续性护理方式对脊髓损伤患者生存质量及康复的影响

Effect of three transitional care methods on the rehabilitation and life quality in patients with spinal cord injury

中文关键词:  脊髓损伤  延续护理  生活方式  生活质量

英文关键词:Spinal cord injury  Transitional care  Life style  Quality of life

中文摘要:

  【摘要】 目的：评价家庭访视、电话随访、护理门诊随访三种延续性护理方式对脊髓损伤患者的生存质量和康复的影响。方法：选择在我院治疗的90例脊髓损伤患者，随机分为3组，每组30例，分别采用家庭访视（A组）、电话随访（B组）和护理门诊随访（C组）的方式施以延续性护理，以功能独立性量表、社会交往测定表、社会支持评定量表、生存质量测定量表简表及并发症调查表评价出院12个月后三组患者的生活质量及康复状况。结果：三组患者的年龄、性别比、损伤节段、损伤原因、ASIA分级及干预前的生存质量评分均无统计学差异（P>0.05）；干预12个月后，三组患者的生存质量评分与干预前比较均有显著性提高（P<0.05）；A组患者的生存质量评分显著高于B组；A组患者的便秘（10.0%）、尿路感染（6.7%）、肺部感染（0）的发生率和再入院率（19.0%）均低于对照B组（P<0.05），压疮发生率（6.7%）低于B组（36.7%）和C组（13.3%）（P<0.05）。结论：三种延续性护理方式均可明显提高患者的生存质量，但家庭访视的效果更好，可降低患者再次入院率及并发症。

英文摘要:

  【Abstract】 Objectives: To evaluate the effect of three transitional care methods on the rehabilitation and life quality in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods: A total of 90 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into three groups, group A(n=30, followed up by face-to-face home visit), group B(n=30, followed up by phone call) and group C(n=30, outpatient follow-up). The rehabilitation and life quality of patients were evaluated by functional independence measure, social activity questionnaire, social support rating scale, MPSS-Fa and the short version of WHO quality of life scale(WHOQOL-BREF) after discharge. Results: There was no statistical difference in age, sex ratio, section of injury, injury reason, ASIA grade or quality of life scores before intervention of patients in three groups（P>0.05）. At follow-up of 12 mouths, the scores of life quality in three groups were significantly improved after discharge, the score of life quality in group A was significantly higher than that in group B. At the same time, the indexes of group A: constipation(10.0%), urinary tract infection(6.7%), pulmonary infection(0.0%) were lower than those of group B; the incidence of pressure ulcers(6.7%) was lower than those of group B(36.7%) and group C(13.3%). Conclusions: It can significantly improve the life quality of patients with spinal cord injury by three transitional care methods. Face-to-face home visit is the best effective transitional care method, and canreduce the impact of readmission and complications.